- Number of states: There are 28 states and 8 union territories in India.
- Largest state: Rajasthan is the largest state in India, with an area of 342,269 square kilometers.
- Smallest state: Goa is the smallest state in India, with an area of 3,702 square kilometers.
- Most populous state: Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state in India, with a population of 199,812,341 people.
- Least populous state: Sikkim is the least populous state in India, with a population of 610,577 people.
- Capital: The capital of India is New Delhi.
- Official languages: The official languages of India are Hindi and English.
- Demographics: The majority of the population of India is Hindu, followed by Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, and Jains.
- Economy: India is the world’s fifth-largest economy by nominal GDP and the third-largest by purchasing power parity.
- Government: India is a federal republic with a parliamentary system of government.
Here are some of the most populous states in India:
- Uttar Pradesh (199,812,341)
- Maharashtra (112,374,333)
- Bihar (104,389,428)
- West Bengal (91,347,736)
- Andhra Pradesh (84,665,190)
Here are some of the most economically developed states in India:
- Maharashtra
- Gujarat
- Tamil Nadu
- Karnataka
- Haryana
Here’s a structured table showcasing key information about Indian states:
| State | Capital | Official Language(s) | Area (sq km) | Population (2021 est.) | Known For |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Andhra Pradesh | Amaravati | Telugu | 162,970 | ~53 million | Tirupati Temple, Kuchipudi Dance |
| Arunachal Pradesh | Itanagar | English | 83,743 | ~1.6 million | Scenic Beauty, Hornbill Festival |
| Assam | Dispur | Assamese | 78,438 | ~36 million | Tea Gardens, Kaziranga National Park |
| Bihar | Patna | Hindi | 94,163 | ~124 million | Mahabodhi Temple, Nalanda University |
| Chhattisgarh | Raipur | Hindi | 135,192 | ~30 million | Bastar Art, Chitrakote Waterfalls |
| Goa | Panaji | Konkani | 3,702 | ~1.6 million | Beaches, Portuguese Heritage |
| Gujarat | Gandhinagar | Gujarati | 196,024 | ~71 million | Gir Lions, Garba Dance |
| Haryana | Chandigarh | Hindi | 44,212 | ~29 million | Sports Achievements, Surajkund Mela |
| Himachal Pradesh | Shimla | Hindi | 55,673 | ~7.7 million | Hill Stations, Apple Orchards |
| Jharkhand | Ranchi | Hindi | 79,716 | ~39 million | Coal Mines, Tribal Culture |
| Karnataka | Bengaluru | Kannada | 191,791 | ~70 million | IT Hub, Mysore Palace |
| Kerala | Thiruvananthapuram | Malayalam | 38,863 | ~36 million | Backwaters, Ayurveda |
| Madhya Pradesh | Bhopal | Hindi | 308,252 | ~85 million | Khajuraho Temples, Tiger Reserves |
| Maharashtra | Mumbai | Marathi | 307,713 | ~124 million | Bollywood, Gateway of India |
| Manipur | Imphal | Meitei (Manipuri) | 22,327 | ~3 million | Loktak Lake, Manipuri Dance |
| Meghalaya | Shillong | English | 22,429 | ~3.4 million | Living Root Bridges, Cherrapunji |
| Mizoram | Aizawl | Mizo, English | 21,081 | ~1.3 million | Bamboo Products, Hills |
| Nagaland | Kohima | English | 16,579 | ~2.2 million | Hornbill Festival, Naga Heritage |
| Odisha | Bhubaneswar | Odia | 155,707 | ~47 million | Jagannath Temple, Konark Sun Temple |
| Punjab | Chandigarh | Punjabi | 50,362 | ~31 million | Golden Temple, Bhangra Dance |
| Rajasthan | Jaipur | Hindi | 342,239 | ~85 million | Desert, Palaces |
| Sikkim | Gangtok | English, Nepali | 7,096 | ~0.7 million | Kanchenjunga, Organic Farming |
| Tamil Nadu | Chennai | Tamil | 130,058 | ~77 million | Temples, Classical Music and Dance |
| Telangana | Hyderabad | Telugu, Urdu | 112,077 | ~39 million | Charminar, IT Hub |
| Tripura | Agartala | Bengali, Kokborok | 10,491 | ~4 million | Tribal Culture, Bamboo Handicrafts |
| Uttar Pradesh | Lucknow | Hindi | 243,286 | ~231 million | Taj Mahal, Kumbh Mela |
| Uttarakhand | Dehradun | Hindi | 53,483 | ~11 million | Char Dham Yatra, Valley of Flowers |
| West Bengal | Kolkata | Bengali | 88,752 | ~100 million | Sundarbans, Durga Puja |
Economic profile of Indian states
| State | GDP (2022-23 est.) in ₹ Lakh Crores | GDP Rank | Per Capita Income (₹) | Primary Industries | Key Exports |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Andhra Pradesh | 13.94 | 7 | ~2,03,000 | Agriculture, IT, Manufacturing | Pharmaceuticals, Seafood |
| Arunachal Pradesh | 0.36 | 29 | ~1,20,000 | Agriculture, Hydro Power | Timber, Handicrafts |
| Assam | 5.51 | 15 | ~1,04,000 | Tea, Oil & Natural Gas, Agriculture | Tea, Petroleum Products |
| Bihar | 8.48 | 14 | ~54,000 | Agriculture, Handloom | Agriculture, Handicrafts |
| Chhattisgarh | 4.76 | 17 | ~1,11,000 | Mining, Power Generation | Iron & Steel, Minerals |
| Goa | 0.92 | 27 | ~5,00,000 | Tourism, Pharmaceuticals | Tourism, Processed Fish |
| Gujarat | 24.84 | 2 | ~3,00,000 | Manufacturing, Petroleum, Dairy | Gems & Jewelry, Textiles |
| Haryana | 10.44 | 9 | ~2,57,000 | Agriculture, IT, Manufacturing | Automobiles, Software Services |
| Himachal Pradesh | 1.95 | 21 | ~2,00,000 | Agriculture, Tourism, Hydro Power | Apples, Wool Products |
| Jharkhand | 4.37 | 18 | ~1,09,000 | Mining, Steel, Agriculture | Minerals, Coal |
| Karnataka | 23.30 | 3 | ~3,00,000 | IT, Biotechnology, Tourism | Software Services, Coffee |
| Kerala | 11.50 | 8 | ~2,48,000 | Tourism, Agriculture, Services | Spices, Seafood |
| Madhya Pradesh | 13.89 | 6 | ~1,37,000 | Agriculture, Textiles | Soybean, Textile Products |
| Maharashtra | 35.81 | 1 | ~2,73,000 | Finance, IT, Manufacturing | Gems & Jewelry, Chemicals |
| Manipur | 0.34 | 30 | ~1,05,000 | Agriculture, Handicrafts | Handlooms, Pineapple |
| Meghalaya | 0.42 | 28 | ~1,17,000 | Mining, Agriculture | Coal, Horticulture Products |
| Mizoram | 0.24 | 32 | ~1,50,000 | Agriculture, Bamboo Products | Bamboo, Handicrafts |
| Nagaland | 0.27 | 31 | ~1,10,000 | Agriculture, Forestry | Bamboo, Handlooms |
| Odisha | 8.81 | 13 | ~1,15,000 | Mining, Power, Steel | Iron Ore, Seafood |
| Punjab | 6.72 | 12 | ~1,81,000 | Agriculture, Dairy | Rice, Processed Foods |
| Rajasthan | 14.09 | 5 | ~1,40,000 | Tourism, Mining, Textiles | Marble, Gems |
| Sikkim | 0.36 | 29 | ~4,90,000 | Hydro Power, Tourism | Organic Farming Products |
| Tamil Nadu | 26.85 | 2 | ~2,59,000 | Manufacturing, IT, Textiles | Automobiles, Textiles |
| Telangana | 13.15 | 7 | ~2,83,000 | IT, Pharmaceuticals, Agriculture | Pharmaceuticals, IT Services |
| Tripura | 0.70 | 25 | ~1,26,000 | Agriculture, Handlooms | Bamboo Products, Tea |
| Uttar Pradesh | 22.77 | 4 | ~1,05,000 | Agriculture, Handicrafts | Textiles, Leather Products |
| Uttarakhand | 3.08 | 20 | ~2,20,000 | Tourism, Hydro Power, Agriculture | Herbs, Tourism Services |
| West Bengal | 17.19 | 4 | ~1,43,000 | Tea, Textiles, Services | Tea, Jute Products |
Agricultural profile of Indian states:
| State | Major Crops | Irrigation Coverage (%) | Key Agricultural Products | Agricultural Exports | Specialty |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Andhra Pradesh | Rice, Maize, Cotton | 55 | Mangoes, Chillies, Tobacco | Rice, Fruits, Spices | High Mango Production |
| Arunachal Pradesh | Rice, Maize, Millet | 30 | Oranges, Ginger, Pineapple | Organic Fruits, Spices | Organic Farming Initiatives |
| Assam | Rice, Tea, Mustard | 37 | Tea, Arecanut, Jute | Tea, Spices | Largest Tea Producer |
| Bihar | Wheat, Maize, Sugarcane | 64 | Litchis, Mangoes, Makhana | Fruits, Rice | Leading Litchi Producer |
| Chhattisgarh | Rice, Maize, Pulses | 32 | Minor Millets, Tendu Leaves | Rice, Forest Products | “Rice Bowl of India” |
| Goa | Rice, Cashew, Coconut | 22 | Cashew Nuts, Fruits | Cashew Kernels, Spices | High Cashew Production |
| Gujarat | Cotton, Groundnut, Wheat | 54 | Dates, Mangoes, Oilseeds | Cotton, Oilseeds | Largest Groundnut Producer |
| Haryana | Wheat, Rice, Mustard | 88 | Dairy Products, Basmati Rice | Basmati Rice, Vegetables | Green Revolution State |
| Himachal Pradesh | Apples, Barley, Maize | 18 | Apples, Potatoes, Saffron | Apples, Fruits | Largest Apple Producer |
| Jharkhand | Rice, Pulses, Maize | 12 | Vegetables, Forest Products | Pulses, Vegetables | Minor Millets Cultivation |
| Karnataka | Ragi, Coffee, Sugarcane | 30 | Spices, Coffee, Silk | Coffee, Spices | Largest Coffee Producer |
| Kerala | Rice, Coconut, Spices | 40 | Pepper, Rubber, Tea | Spices, Coconut Products | Major Spice Producer |
| Madhya Pradesh | Wheat, Soybean, Pulses | 38 | Oilseeds, Chickpeas, Garlic | Soybean, Pulses | Largest Pulses Producer |
| Maharashtra | Sugarcane, Cotton, Soybean | 19 | Grapes, Oranges, Bananas | Cotton, Fruits | Leading Grapes Producer |
| Manipur | Rice, Maize, Pulses | 16 | Ginger, Pineapple, Turmeric | Organic Vegetables, Spices | Organic Farming Hub |
| Meghalaya | Rice, Maize, Potato | 24 | Oranges, Turmeric, Spices | Spices, Horticultural Products | Turmeric Cultivation |
| Mizoram | Rice, Maize, Ginger | 12 | Bamboo, Oranges, Spices | Bamboo, Fruits | High Bamboo Production |
| Nagaland | Rice, Maize, Millet | 15 | Cardamom, Bamboo, Ginger | Organic Spices | Shifting Cultivation Practices |
| Odisha | Rice, Pulses, Oilseeds | 28 | Cashew, Coconut, Spices | Seafood, Rice | High Paddy Cultivation |
| Punjab | Wheat, Rice, Sugarcane | 99 | Dairy Products, Basmati Rice | Basmati Rice, Wheat | High Irrigation Efficiency |
| Rajasthan | Wheat, Bajra, Mustard | 35 | Guar Gum, Spices, Millet | Guar Gum, Spices | Largest Mustard Producer |
| Sikkim | Maize, Ginger, Buckwheat | 14 | Large Cardamom, Orange, Ginger | Organic Products, Cardamom | Fully Organic State |
| Tamil Nadu | Rice, Sugarcane, Cotton | 61 | Bananas, Coconut, Spices | Fruits, Spices | Leading Banana Producer |
| Telangana | Rice, Cotton, Maize | 48 | Fruits, Spices, Oilseeds | Rice, Cotton | Growing Irrigation Network |
| Tripura | Rice, Pulses, Oilseeds | 35 | Bamboo, Pineapple, Rubber | Fruits, Rubber | High Rubber Production |
| Uttar Pradesh | Wheat, Rice, Sugarcane | 78 | Mangoes, Potato, Sugar | Rice, Sugar | Largest Sugarcane Producer |
| Uttarakhand | Rice, Wheat, Barley | 45 | Apples, Pears, Medicinal Herbs | Fruits, Medicinal Herbs | Organic Herbal Farming |
| West Bengal | Rice, Jute, Tea | 53 | Mangoes, Pineapples, Potatoes | Tea, Jute Products | Leading Jute Producer |
Demographic Profile of India State
| State/UT | Population (2011 Census) | Sex Ratio (Females per 1000 Males) | Literacy Rate (%) | Rural Population (%) | Urban Population (%) |
| Andhra Pradesh | 84,580,777 | 993 | 67.02 | 56.36 | 43.64 |
| Arunachal Pradesh | 1,383,727 | 938 | 65.38 | 77.13 | 22.87 |
| Assam | 31,205,576 | 958 | 72.19 | 74.03 | 25.97 |
| Bihar | 104,099,452 | 918 | 63.82 | 88.71 | 11.29 |
| Chhattisgarh | 25,545,198 | 991 | 70.28 | 76.65 | 23.35 |
| Goa | 1,458,545 | 973 | 88.7 | 37.61 | 62.39 |
| Gujarat | 60,439,692 | 919 | 78.03 | 60.39 | 39.61 |
| Haryana | 25,351,462 | 879 | 75.55 | 77.84 | 22.16 |
| Himachal Pradesh | 6,864,602 | 972 | 82.8 | 90.54 | 9.46 |
| Jammu & Kashmir | 12,541,302 | 889 | 67.16 | 72.74 | 27.26 |
| Jharkhand | 32,988,134 | 948 | 66.41 | 84.34 | 15.66 |
| Karnataka | 61,095,297 | 973 | 75.36 | 61.1 | 38.9 |
| Kerala | 33,406,061 | 1084 | 94 | 46.71 | 53.29 |
| Madhya Pradesh | 72,626,809 | 931 | 69.32 | 81.96 | 18.04 |
| Maharashtra | 112,374,333 | 929 | 82.91 | 54.94 | 45.06 |
| Manipur | 2,855,794 | 992 | 79.83 | 70.97 | 29.03 |
| Meghalaya | 2,966,889 | 989 | 74.43 | 80.09 | 19.91 |
| Mizoram | 1,097,206 | 976 | 91.33 | 84.57 | 15.43 |
| Nagaland | 1,978,502 | 931 | 79.55 | 89.74 | 10.26 |
| Odisha | 41,974,218 | 979 | 72.87 | 83.31 | 16.69 |
| Puducherry | 1,247,953 | 996 | 85.85 | 29.29 | 70.71 |
| Punjab | 27,743,338 | 895 | 75.84 | 62.39 | 37.61 |
| Rajasthan | 68,548,437 | 928 | 66.11 | 75.53 | 24.47 |
| Sikkim | 610,577 | 890 | 82.2 | 69.13 | 30.87 |
| Tamil Nadu | 72,147,030 | 996 | 80.09 | 48.79 | 51.21 |
| Telangana | 35,193,978 | 993 | 66.47 | 61.49 | 38.51 |
| Tripura | 3,673,917 | 960 | 87.22 | 73.94 | 26.06 |
| Uttar Pradesh | 199,812,341 | 912 | 67.68 | 77.75 | 22.25 |
| Uttarakhand | 10,086,292 | 963 | 78.82 | 86.8 | 13.2 |
| West Bengal | 91,276,115 | 950 | 77.08 | 68.05 | 31.95 |
Racial Profile of State
| State/UT | Indo-Aryan | Dravidian | Mongoloid | Negrito | Austro-Asiatic |
| Andhra Pradesh | X | ||||
| Arunachal Pradesh | X | ||||
| Assam | X | X | X | ||
| Bihar | X | X | |||
| Chhattisgarh | X | X | |||
| Goa | |||||
| Gujarat | X | ||||
| Haryana | X | ||||
| Himachal Pradesh | X | ||||
| Jammu & Kashmir | X | ||||
| Jharkhand | X | X | |||
| Karnataka | X | ||||
| Kerala | X | ||||
| Madhya Pradesh | X | X | |||
| Maharashtra | X | ||||
| Manipur | X | ||||
| Meghalaya | X | ||||
| Mizoram | X | ||||
| Nagaland | X | ||||
| Odisha | X | X | |||
| Puducherry | |||||
| Punjab | X | ||||
| Rajasthan | X | ||||
| Sikkim | X | ||||
| Tamil Nadu | X | ||||
| Telangana | X | ||||
| Tripura | X | X | |||
| Uttar Pradesh | X | ||||
| Uttarakhand | X | ||||
| West Bengal | X | X | X |
Gross enrollment profile of Indian states
| State | Gross Enrollment Ratio (GER) Primary (%) | GER Secondary (%) | GER Higher Education (%) | Literacy Rate (%) | Notable Educational Schemes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Andhra Pradesh | 96 | 75 | 33 | 67 | Amma Vodi, Nadu-Nedu |
| Arunachal Pradesh | 92 | 68 | 24 | 66 | CM’s Samast Shiksha Yojana |
| Assam | 95 | 70 | 20 | 72 | Gunotsav, Midday Meal Scheme |
| Bihar | 94 | 63 | 14 | 61 | Mukhyamantri Balika Cycle Yojana |
| Chhattisgarh | 96 | 73 | 18 | 71 | Swami Atmanand English Medium Schools |
| Goa | 98 | 85 | 45 | 88 | Cyberage Student Scheme |
| Gujarat | 97 | 77 | 28 | 80 | Shala Praveshotsav, Kanya Kelavani |
| Haryana | 98 | 80 | 29 | 76 | Beti Padhao, Padhao Haryana |
| Himachal Pradesh | 99 | 85 | 36 | 83 | Har Ghar Pathshala |
| Jharkhand | 92 | 65 | 18 | 67 | Hunar Program, Midday Meal Scheme |
| Karnataka | 96 | 78 | 31 | 75 | Vidya Siri, Ksheera Bhagya |
| Kerala | 99 | 92 | 44 | 96 | Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan, Noon Meal Scheme |
| Madhya Pradesh | 93 | 68 | 21 | 69 | Mukhya Mantri Medhavi Vidyarthi Yojana |
| Maharashtra | 97 | 81 | 35 | 82 | Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, Free Education |
| Manipur | 95 | 73 | 24 | 77 | School Fagathansi Mission |
| Meghalaya | 90 | 64 | 22 | 75 | Meghalaya School Improvement Program |
| Mizoram | 96 | 80 | 26 | 91 | Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan |
| Nagaland | 94 | 66 | 23 | 80 | Communitisation of Elementary Education |
| Odisha | 93 | 67 | 22 | 73 | Mo School Campaign, Free Uniform Scheme |
| Punjab | 98 | 84 | 32 | 76 | Smart School Policy, Scholarship Schemes |
| Rajasthan | 94 | 69 | 19 | 67 | Shiksha Sambal Yojana, Gyan Sankalp |
| Sikkim | 95 | 78 | 34 | 82 | Free Textbooks, Digital Classrooms |
| Tamil Nadu | 98 | 86 | 49 | 80 | Noon Meal Scheme, Kalvi Thittam |
| Telangana | 96 | 76 | 28 | 72 | Mana Vooru-Mana Badi |
| Tripura | 97 | 75 | 25 | 87 | Vidyalaya Cholo Abhiyan |
| Uttar Pradesh | 91 | 61 | 17 | 67 | Kanya Vidya Dhan Yojana |
| Uttarakhand | 96 | 73 | 30 | 87 | Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan |
| West Bengal | 94 | 72 | 21 | 77 | Kanyashree Prakalpa, Sabuj Sathi |
Religious Profile
| State | Major Religion (%) | Hindu (%) | Muslim (%) | Christian (%) | Sikh (%) | Buddhist (%) | Others/Tribal (%) | Special Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Andhra Pradesh | Hinduism | 90.9 | 8.3 | 0.6 | – | 0.1 | 0.1 | Significant Christian population in parts |
| Arunachal Pradesh | Christianity | 29.0 | 1.9 | 30.3 | – | 11.8 | 27.0 | High tribal religion adherence |
| Assam | Hinduism | 61.5 | 34.2 | 3.7 | – | 0.2 | 0.4 | Large Muslim population |
| Bihar | Hinduism | 82.7 | 16.9 | 0.1 | – | – | 0.3 | Predominantly Hindu |
| Chhattisgarh | Hinduism | 93.2 | 2.0 | 1.9 | – | 0.3 | 2.6 | Tribal religions have notable presence |
| Goa | Christianity | 66.1 | 27.5 | 25.1 | – | – | 0.3 | Known for Christian dominance |
| Gujarat | Hinduism | 88.6 | 9.7 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | Jain population is notable |
| Haryana | Hinduism | 87.5 | 7.0 | 0.1 | 4.9 | – | 0.5 | Large Sikh presence |
| Himachal Pradesh | Hinduism | 95.2 | 2.1 | 0.2 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 0.3 | Predominantly Hindu |
| Jharkhand | Hinduism | 67.8 | 14.5 | 4.3 | – | 0.3 | 13.1 | Significant tribal population |
| Karnataka | Hinduism | 84.0 | 12.9 | 1.9 | – | 0.3 | 0.9 | Religious diversity |
| Kerala | Hinduism | 54.7 | 26.6 | 18.4 | – | – | 0.3 | Large Christian and Muslim populations |
| Madhya Pradesh | Hinduism | 90.9 | 6.6 | 0.3 | – | 0.3 | 1.9 | Predominantly Hindu |
| Maharashtra | Hinduism | 79.8 | 11.5 | 1.0 | – | 5.8 | 1.9 | Large Buddhist population |
| Manipur | Hinduism | 41.4 | 8.3 | 41.3 | – | – | 8.7 | Significant tribal and Christian presence |
| Meghalaya | Christianity | 11.5 | 4.0 | 74.6 | – | – | 9.5 | Predominantly Christian |
| Mizoram | Christianity | 2.8 | 1.3 | 87.2 | – | – | 8.7 | Predominantly Christian |
| Nagaland | Christianity | 8.8 | 2.8 | 87.9 | – | – | 0.5 | Predominantly Christian |
| Odisha | Hinduism | 93.6 | 2.2 | 2.8 | – | – | 1.4 | Large tribal population |
| Punjab | Sikhism | 38.5 | 1.9 | 0.3 | 57.7 | – | 1.6 | Sikh-majority state |
| Rajasthan | Hinduism | 88.5 | 9.1 | 0.2 | 1.2 | – | 1.0 | Predominantly Hindu |
| Sikkim | Hinduism | 60.9 | 1.5 | 0.4 | – | 27.4 | 9.8 | Significant Buddhist population |
| Tamil Nadu | Hinduism | 88.0 | 6.1 | 6.2 | – | – | 0.7 | High Christian population in southern areas |
| Telangana | Hinduism | 85.0 | 12.7 | 1.2 | – | 0.2 | 0.9 | Predominantly Hindu |
| Tripura | Hinduism | 83.4 | 8.6 | 3.2 | – | 0.6 | 4.2 | Tribal population present |
| Uttar Pradesh | Hinduism | 79.7 | 19.3 | 0.2 | – | – | 0.8 | Predominantly Hindu |
| Uttarakhand | Hinduism | 85.0 | 13.9 | 0.4 | – | 0.5 | 0.2 | Predominantly Hindu |
| West Bengal | Hinduism | 70.5 | 27.0 | 0.7 | – | – | 1.8 | Large Muslim population |