Five year plan Tnpsc

Five year plan in India

Five year plan is an economic strategy that allocates the resources of a nation to fulfil the general and specific goals as planned by the government for a specified period. In India, these plans are made for five years and hence are known as five-year plans. These five-year plans are ultimately short-term plans for a perspective plan.

Economic planning is a strategy by which limited resources are used skillfully to achieve the desired goals. The concept of economic planning or a Five-year plan in India is derived from the former USSR or Currently Russia.

Five-year plan in India is derived from the former USSR
Five-year plan in India is derived from the former USSR

So far, India launched twelve five-year plans. The government of India decided to stop the launching of five-year plans and it was replaced by NITI Aayog.

First Five-Year Plan (1951-1956)

The first-year plan is based on the Harrod-Domar Model and focuses on the agricultural development of the country. The first program achieved more than the target planned. India achieved a GDP growth rate of 3.6%.

The First Five-Year Plan of India was launched in 1951, two years after independence. It was the first of a series of such plans designed to guide the country’s economic development. It was drafted by a team of economists led by P.C. Mahalanobis, and it was based on the Harrod-Domar model, a Keynesian model of economic growth.

The First one was primarily focused on the development of the agricultural sector. This was because agriculture was the mainstay of the Indian economy at the time, and the government believed that increasing agricultural productivity was essential for overall economic growth and also emphasized the development of infrastructure, such as irrigation canals, power plants, and roads.

Some of the key achievements of the First Five-Year Plan include:

  • An increase in agricultural production of around 18%
  • The construction of 18 major irrigation projects
  • The establishment of five Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs)
  • The expansion of the railway network
  • The development of new industries, such as steel, cement, and machine tools

The First Five-Year Plan was generally considered to be a success. It helped to lay the foundation for India’s future economic growth. However, it also had some shortcomings. For example, it did not adequately address the problems of poverty and unemployment.

Second Five-Year Plan (1956-1961)

P.C.Mahalanobis Model
P.C.Mahalanobis

The second five-year plan is based on the P.C. Mahalanobis Model. The second five-year model focused on Industrial development. The second five-year plant is also a successful model as it achieved a growth rate of 4.1%.

It was launched in 1956, five years after the First Five-Year Plan and was the second of a series of such plans designed to guide the country’s economic development. This program was drafted by a team of economists led by P.C. Mahalanobis, and it was based on the Mahalanobis model, a socialist economic development model.

The Second Five-Year Plan was more ambitious than the First. It aimed to achieve a 25% increase in national income and to create 10-12 million new jobs and also emphasized the development of the heavy industrial sector, such as steel, machine tools, and chemicals.

Some of the key achievements of the Second Five-Year Plan include:

  • An increase in national income of around 20%
  • The construction of several new steel plants, including the Bhilai Steel Plant and the Rourkela Steel Plant
  • The establishment of the Heavy Engineering Corporation (HEC) and the Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd. (BHEL)
  • The expansion of the railway network and the road network
  • The development of new industries, such as electronics and petrochemicals

The Second one was also marked by some challenges. For example, the government faced a foreign exchange crisis and had to rely on foreign aid to finance. Additionally, the program was criticized for its focus on heavy industry, which some economists argued neglected the agricultural sector and the consumer goods sector.

Overall, the Second Five-Year Plan was a mixed bag. It achieved some significant successes, but it also faced some challenges. This program helped to lay the foundation for India’s future industrialization, but it also led to a widening of the gap between rich and poor.

The Second Five-Year Plan was the last of the Five-Year Plans to be based on the Mahalanobis model. Subsequent Five-Year Plans have focused on a more balanced approach to economic development, with an emphasis on both the agricultural sector and the industrial sector.

Third Five-Year Plan (1961-1966)

The third five-year plan is called the Gadgil Yojana. The third five-year plan’s target was to achieve economic independence. As a result of the Indo-China war, this plan could not achieve the growth target of 5.6%.

The Third Five-Year Plan of India was launched in 1961, six years after the Second Five-Year Plan. It was the third of a series of such plans designed to guide the country’s economic development. The plan was drafted by a team of economists led by D.R. Gadgil, and it was based on a mixed economy model.

The Third Five-Year Plan was focused on both the agricultural sector and the industrial sector. It aimed to achieve a 5% annual growth rate in GDP and to create 14 million new jobs. The plan also emphasized the development of infrastructure, such as irrigation canals, power plants, and roads.

Some of the key objectives of the Third Five-Year Plan include:

  • To increase agricultural production to meet the needs of the growing population
  • To develop the basic and heavy industries
  • To expand the infrastructure facilities
  • To reduce unemployment and poverty
  • To achieve self-reliance in the economy

The Third Five-Year Plan was hampered by a number of factors, including:

  • The Sino-Indian War of 1962
  • The Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
  • A severe drought in 1965-66

As a result of these factors, the plan was not able to achieve all of its objectives. However, it did achieve some significant successes, such as:

  • An increase in agricultural production of around 15%
  • The construction of several new irrigation projects
  • The expansion of the railway network and the road network
  • The development of new industries, such as electronics and petrochemicals

The Third Five-Year Plan was a significant step in India’s economic development. It helped to lay the foundation for India’s Green Revolution in the agricultural sector and its industrialization in the 1970s.

Overall, the Third Five-Year Plan was a mixed bag. It was unable to achieve all of its objectives due to a number of unforeseen factors. However, it did achieve some significant successes that helped to lay the foundation for India’s future economic growth.

Plan Holiday (1966-1969)

India-Pakistan war
India-Pakistan war

The reason for the planned holiday was the India-Pakistan war and the failure of the third five-year plan. During the Plan Holiday from the period 1966-1969, Annual plans were made and equal priority was given to agriculture and its allied sectors and also to the Industrial sector.

The Plan Holiday (1966-1969) was a period of three years during which the Indian government suspended its Five-Year Plan. The decision to implement a Plan Holiday was taken due to a number of factors, including:

  • The failure of the Third Five-Year Plan to achieve its objectives
  • The Sino-Indian War of 1962 and the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, which had drained the country’s financial resources
  • A severe drought in 1965-66, which had led to a decline in agricultural production and an increase in inflation

The Plan Holiday was a period of economic uncertainty and hardship for India. The government was forced to cut back on public spending and raise taxes. This led to a slowdown in economic growth and an increase in unemployment.

However, the Plan Holiday also had some positive effects. It allowed the government to focus on its immediate priorities, such as drought relief and national security. It also gave the government time to reassess its economic policies and to develop a new Five-Year Plan.

The Fourth Five-Year Plan was launched in 1969, after the end of the Plan Holiday. The Fourth Five-Year Plan was more realistic than the Third Five-Year Plan, and it focused on achieving a sustainable rate of economic growth.

The Plan Holiday was a difficult period for India, but it was also a necessary one. It allowed the government to address the challenges it was facing and to develop a new plan for the country’s economic future.

Fourth Five Year Plan (1969-1974)

The fourth Five-year plan has two objectives one is growth with stability and another one is the progressive achievement of self-reliance. The fourth five-year plan failed and achieved growth was only 3.3% against the target of 5.7%.

The Fourth Five-Year Plan (1969-1974) was the fourth of a series of such plans designed to guide India’s economic development. It was launched after the Plan Holiday (1966-1969), a period of three years during which the government suspended its Five-Year Plan.

The Fourth Five-Year Plan was more realistic than the previous Five-Year Plan, and it focused on achieving a sustainable rate of economic growth. The plan also emphasized the importance of self-reliance and social justice.

Some of the key objectives of the Fourth Five-Year Plan include:

  • To increase agricultural production
  • To develop the basic and heavy industries
  • To expand the infrastructure facilities
  • To reduce unemployment and poverty
  • To achieve self-reliance in the economy

The Fourth Five-Year Plan was implemented during a difficult time for India. The country was facing a number of challenges, including:

  • The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
  • The Bangladesh Liberation War
  • The global oil crisis of 1973

Despite these challenges, the Fourth Five-Year Plan achieved some significant successes, such as:

  • An increase in agricultural production of around 15%
  • The construction of several new irrigation projects
  • The expansion of the railway network and the road network
  • The development of new industries, such as electronics and petrochemicals

The Fourth Five-Year Plan also made some progress in reducing poverty and unemployment. However, the plan was unable to achieve all of its objectives due to the challenges it was facing.

Overall, the Fourth Five-Year Plan was a mixed bag. It achieved some significant successes, but it was also unable to achieve all of its objectives due to a number of unforeseen factors. However, the plan did help to lay the foundation for India’s future economic growth.

The Fourth Five-Year Plan was the last of the Five-Year Plans to be based on the Gadgil formula, which focused on growth with stability and progress towards self-reliance. Subsequent Five-Year Plans have focused on a more balanced approach to economic development, with an emphasis on both the agricultural sector and the industrial sector.

Fifth Five-Year Plan (1974-1978)

In the fifth five-year plan, the top priority was given to agriculture, next to the industries, and the mining sector.

This plan was successful, that achieved a growth of 4.8% against the target of 4.4%. The fifth five-year plan was prepared and launched by D.P.Dhar and this plan was stopped in 1978.

The Fifth Five-Year Plan (1974-1978) was the fifth of a series of such plans designed to guide India’s economic development. It was launched during a time of economic crisis, as the country was facing high inflation and unemployment. The plan was also launched shortly after the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, which had placed a strain on the country’s financial resources.

The Fifth Five-Year Plan was focused on employment generation and poverty alleviation. It also aimed to reduce regional disparities and promote self-reliance in the economy.

Some of the key objectives of the Fifth Five-Year Plan include:

  • To increase agricultural production and to achieve self-sufficiency in food
  • To develop the basic and heavy industries
  • To expand the infrastructure facilities
  • To reduce unemployment and poverty
  • To promote social justice and equality
  • To achieve self-reliance in the economy

The Fifth Five-Year Plan was implemented during a difficult time for India. The country was facing a number of challenges, including:

  • The global oil crisis of 1973
  • The 1975 drought
  • The Emergency (1975-1977)

Despite these challenges, the Fifth Five-Year Plan achieved some significant successes, such as:

  • An increase in agricultural production of around 15%
  • The construction of several new irrigation projects
  • The expansion of the railway network and the road network
  • The development of new industries, such as electronics and petrochemicals

The Fifth Five-Year Plan also made some progress in reducing unemployment and poverty. However, the plan was unable to achieve all of its objectives due to the challenges it was facing.

Overall, the Fifth Five-Year Plan was a mixed bag. It achieved some significant successes, but it was also unable to achieve all of its objectives due to a number of unforeseen factors. However, the plan did help to lay the foundation for India’s future economic growth.

It is important to note that the Fifth Five-Year Plan was also marked by a number of controversies. For example, the Emergency (1975-1977) was imposed during the Fifth Five-Year Plan period, and this period was characterized by a number of human rights abuses. Additionally, the Fifth Five-Year Plan was criticized for its focus on heavy industry, which some economists argued neglected the agricultural sector and the consumer goods sector.

Despite its shortcomings, the Fifth Five-Year Plan was a significant step in India’s economic development. It helped to lay the foundation for India’s Green Revolution in the agricultural sector and its industrialization in the 1980s.

Rolling Plan

The rolling plan was started with an annual plan for 1978-79 and as a continuation of the terminated fifth-year plan.

Sixth Five-Year Plan (1980-1985)

Garibi Hatao Desh Bachao (“Remove poverty rescue the country”) was the theme and slogan of Indira Gandhi’s 1971 election campaign

The basic objective of the sixth five-year plan was poverty eradication and technological self-reliance. The motto of the sixth five-year plan was ‘Garibi-Hatao’. This plan is based on the investment Yojana. This target was 5.2% but achieved a 5.7% growth. It was a successful plan.

The Sixth Five-Year Plan (1980-1985) was the sixth of a series of such plans designed to guide India’s economic development. It was launched at a time when the Indian economy was facing a number of challenges, including:

  • High inflation
  • Unemployment
  • Regional disparities
  • Energy shortages

The Sixth Five-Year Plan was focused on achieving rapid economic growth, reducing poverty, and increasing employment. It also aimed to reduce regional disparities and to promote social justice.

Some of the key objectives of the Sixth Five-Year Plan include:

  • To increase agricultural production and to achieve self-sufficiency in food
  • To develop the basic and heavy industries
  • To expand the infrastructure facilities
  • To reduce unemployment and poverty
  • To promote social justice and equality
  • To achieve self-reliance in the economy

The Sixth Five-Year Plan was implemented during a period of relative economic stability. The Indian economy achieved an average growth rate of 5.7% during the Sixth Five-Year Plan period. The plan also achieved some significant successes in terms of poverty reduction and employment generation.

However, the Sixth Five-Year Plan was also unable to achieve all of its objectives. For example, the plan was unable to reduce regional disparities to a significant extent. Additionally, the plan was criticized for its focus on heavy industry, which some economists argued neglected the agricultural sector and the consumer goods sector.

Overall, the Sixth Five-Year Plan was a mixed bag. It achieved some significant successes, but it was also unable to achieve all of its objectives due to a number of factors. However, the plan did help to lay the foundation for India’s economic growth in the subsequent decades.

The Sixth Five-Year Plan also marked the beginning of economic liberalization in India. The government began to relax price controls and to deregulate the economy. This liberalization process continued in the subsequent decades, and it played a major role in India’s economic growth.

Seventh Five-Year Plan (1985-1990)

The Objective of the seventh five-year plan included the establishment of a self-sufficient economy and opportunities for productive employment.

For the first time, the private sector got priority over the Public sector. The target growth was 5% and the achieved growth was 6%.

The Seventh Five-Year Plan (1985-1990) was the seventh of a series of such plans designed to guide India’s economic development. It was launched at a time when the Indian economy was experiencing rapid growth. The plan was focused on sustaining economic growth, reducing poverty, and increasing employment. It also aimed to improve the quality of life of the people.

Some of the key objectives of the Seventh Five-Year Plan include:

  • To increase the growth rate of the economy to 5.5% per annum
  • To reduce the poverty ratio from 37% to 28%
  • To create 10 million new jobs
  • To improve the quality of life of the people through better education, healthcare, and housing

The Seventh Five-Year Plan was implemented during a period of relative economic stability. The Indian economy achieved an average growth rate of 5.6% during the Seventh Five-Year Plan period. The plan also achieved some significant successes in terms of poverty reduction and employment generation.

However, the Seventh Five-Year Plan was also unable to achieve all of its objectives. For example, the plan was unable to reduce the poverty ratio to 28%. Additionally, the plan was criticized for its focus on large-scale projects, which some economists argued neglected the needs of the poor and the rural population.

Overall, the Seventh Five-Year Plan was a mixed bag. It achieved some significant successes, but it was also unable to achieve all of its objectives due to a number of factors. However, the plan did help to lay the foundation for India’s economic growth in the subsequent decades.

The Seventh Five-Year Plan also marked the beginning of a transition to a market-based economy in India. The government began to reduce subsidies, to liberalize trade, and to encourage foreign investment. This liberalization process continued in the subsequent decades, and it played a major role in India’s economic growth.

Annual Plans

The eighth five-year plan did not take place due to political instability at the centre. So two annual programmes were formed in 1990-91 & 1991-92.

The annual plans for 1990-91 and 1991-92 were formulated in the context of a severe economic crisis that India was facing at the time. The country was facing a foreign exchange crisis, high inflation, and a budget deficit.

The annual plans for these two years were focused on stabilizing the economy and correcting the macroeconomic imbalances. The plans also aimed to initiate structural reforms to liberalize the economy and promote growth.

Some of the key measures taken under the annual plans for 1990-91 and 1991-92 include:

  • Devaluation of the rupee
  • Reduction of subsidies
  • Liberalization of trade and investment
  • Disinvestment of public sector enterprises

The annual plans for 1990-91 and 1991-92 were largely successful in stabilizing the economy and correcting the macroeconomic imbalances. However, the structural reforms took some time to bear fruit.

The annual plans for 1990-91 and 1991-92 were a watershed moment in India’s economic history. They marked the beginning of the transition from a centrally planned economy to a market-based economy. The reforms initiated under these annual plans have played a major role in India’s economic growth in the subsequent decades.

Here is a more detailed overview of the annual plans for 1990-91 and 1991-92:

Annual Plan 1990-91

The annual plan for 1990-91 was formulated in the context of a severe economic crisis. The country was facing a foreign exchange crisis, high inflation, and a budget deficit.

The annual plan for 1990-91 focused on stabilizing the economy and correcting the macroeconomic imbalances. The plan also aimed to initiate structural reforms to liberalize the economy and promote growth.

Some of the key measures taken under the annual plan for 1990-91 include:

  • Devaluation of the rupee by 18%
  • Reduction of subsidies on food, fertilizer, and energy
  • Liberalization of trade and investment
  • Disinvestment of public sector enterprises

The annual plan for 1990-91 was largely successful in stabilizing the economy and correcting the macroeconomic imbalances. The foreign exchange crisis was averted, inflation was brought under control, and the budget deficit was reduced.

Annual Plan 1991-92

The annual plan for 1991-92 was formulated in the context of a continued economic crisis. However, the country was in a slightly better position than it was a year ago.

The annual plan for 1991-92 focused on deepening the structural reforms that were initiated in the previous year. The plan also aimed to promote economic growth and employment.

Some of the key measures taken under the annual plan for 1991-92 include:

  • Further liberalization of trade and investment
  • Disinvestment of public sector enterprises
  • Introduction of new industrial and labour policies
  • Expansion of social safety net programs

The annual plan for 1991-92 was largely successful in deepening the structural reforms and promoting economic growth. The GDP growth rate increased to 5.6% in 1991-92, compared to 5.1% in 1990-91.

The annual plans for 1990-91 and 1991-92 were a watershed moment in India’s economic history. They marked the beginning of the transition from a centrally planned economy to a market-based economy. The reforms initiated under these annual plans have played a major role in India’s economic growth in the subsequent decades.

Eighth Five Year Plan (1992-1997)

In the Eight five-year plan, priority is provided to human resources development such as education, employment, and public health. During the eighth five-year plan, the New Economic Policy of India was introduced. This plan was successful as it gave 6.8% growth and the target growth was 5.6%.

The Eighth Five-Year Plan of India (1992-1997) was the eighth of a series of such plans designed to guide the country’s economic development. It was launched at a time when India was in the midst of a major economic liberalization process. The plan was focused on sustaining economic growth, reducing poverty, and increasing employment. It also aimed to improve the quality of life of the people.

Some of the key objectives of the Eighth Five-Year Plan include:

  • To achieve an average annual GDP growth rate of 5.6%
  • To reduce the poverty ratio from 37% to 30%
  • To create 10 million new jobs
  • To improve the quality of life of the people through better education, healthcare, and housing

The Eighth Five-Year Plan was implemented during a period of relative economic stability. The Indian economy achieved an average growth rate of 6.8% during the Eighth Five-Year Plan period. The plan also achieved some significant successes in terms of poverty reduction and employment generation.

However, the Eighth Five-Year Plan was also unable to achieve all of its objectives. For example, the plan was unable to reduce the poverty ratio to 30%. Additionally, the plan was criticized for its focus on infrastructure development, which some economists argued neglected the needs of the poor and the rural population.

Overall, the Eighth Five-Year Plan was a mixed bag. It achieved some significant successes, but it was also unable to achieve all of its objectives due to a number of factors. However, the plan did help to lay the foundation for India’s economic growth in the subsequent decades.

The Eighth Five-Year Plan also marked the continuation of the economic liberalization process that was initiated in the early 1990s. The government further reduced subsidies, liberalized trade and investment, and encouraged foreign investment. These reforms played a major role in India’s economic growth in the subsequent decades.

Ninth Five-Year Plan (1997-2002)

The main objective of the Ninth five-year plan was “Growth with Justice and Equality”. This program failed to achieve the growth target of 7%. The growth achieved was only 5.6%.

The Ninth Five-Year Plan of India (1997-2002) was the ninth of a series of such plans designed to guide the country’s economic development. It was launched at a time when the Indian economy was recovering from the East Asian financial crisis of 1997-98. The program was focused on sustaining economic growth, reducing poverty, and increasing employment. It also aimed to improve the quality of life of the people.

Some of the key objectives of the Ninth Five-Year Plan include:

  • To achieve an average annual GDP growth rate of 7%
  • To reduce the poverty ratio from 30% to 25%
  • To create 12 million new jobs
  • To improve the quality of life of the people through better education, healthcare, and housing

The Ninth Five-Year Plan was implemented during a period of global economic slowdown. The Indian economy achieved an average growth rate of 5.5% during the Ninth Five-Year Plan period. The plan was also unable to achieve all of its objectives in terms of poverty reduction and employment generation.

However, the Ninth Five-Year Plan did achieve some significant successes. For example, the plan made significant progress in improving the quality of life of the people through better education, healthcare, and housing. The plan also helped to lay the foundation for India’s economic growth in the subsequent decades.

The Ninth Five-Year Plan also marked the continuation of the economic liberalization process that was initiated in the early 1990s. The government further reduced subsidies, liberalized trade and investment, and encouraged foreign investment. These reforms played a major role in India’s economic growth in the subsequent decades.

Overall, the Ninth Five-Year Plan was a mixed bag. It achieved some significant successes, but it was also unable to achieve all of its objectives due to a number of factors, including the global economic slowdown. However, the plan did help to lay the foundation for India’s economic growth in the subsequent decades.

Tenth (2002-2007)

The objective of the tenth five-year plan was to double the per capita income of India in the next 10 years. Also, it aimed to reduce the poverty ratio to 15% by 2012. The target growth rate was 8.0% but the achieved growth rate was only 7.2%.

The Tenth Five-Year Plan of India (2002-2007) was the tenth of a series of such plans designed to guide the country’s economic development. It was launched at a time when the Indian economy was recovering from the global economic slowdown of 2001. The plan was focused on achieving rapid economic growth, reducing poverty, and increasing employment. It also aimed to improve the quality of life of the people.

Some of the key objectives of the Tenth Five-Year Plan include:

  • To achieve an average annual GDP growth rate of 8%
  • To reduce the poverty ratio from 26% to 21%
  • To create 10 million new jobs
  • To improve the quality of life of the people through better education, healthcare, and housing

The Tenth Five-Year Plan was implemented during a period of global economic boom. The Indian economy achieved an average growth rate of 7.7% during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period. The plan also achieved significant successes in terms of poverty reduction and employment generation.

The Tenth Five-Year Plan also made significant progress in improving the quality of life of the people through better education, healthcare, and housing. For example, the plan’s Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) program helped to increase the enrollment rate in primary education. The plan’s National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) program helped to improve the quality of healthcare in rural areas.

The Tenth Five-Year Plan also marked the continuation of the economic liberalization process that was initiated in the early 1990s. The government further reduced subsidies, liberalized trade and investment, and encouraged foreign investment. These reforms played a major role in India’s economic growth during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period.

Overall, the Tenth Five-Year Plan was a success. It achieved most of its objectives in terms of economic growth, poverty reduction, employment generation, and improvement in the quality of life of the people. The plan’s success was due to a number of factors, including the global economic boom, the government’s focus on economic reforms, and the implementation of effective social programs.

The Tenth Five-Year Plan is considered to be one of the most successful Five-Year Plans in India’s history. It helped to lay the foundation for India’s sustained economic growth in the subsequent decades.

Eleventh (2007-2012)

The tenth five-year plan theme was “Faster and More Inclusive Growth”. The targeted growth rate was 8.1% but the achieved growth rate was only 7.9%.

The Eleventh Five-Year Plan of India (2007-2012) was the eleventh of a series of such plans designed to guide the country’s economic development. It was launched at a time when the Indian economy was experiencing rapid growth. The plan was focused on sustaining economic growth, reducing poverty, and increasing employment. It also aimed to improve the quality of life of the people and achieve inclusive growth.

Some of the key objectives of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan include:

  • To achieve an average annual GDP growth rate of 9%
  • To reduce the poverty ratio from 21% to 16%
  • To create 70 million new jobs
  • To improve the quality of life of the people through better education, healthcare, and housing
  • To achieve inclusive growth by reducing regional disparities and empowering women and marginalized sections of society

The Eleventh Five-Year Plan was implemented during a period of global financial crisis. However, the Indian economy was able to weather the storm and achieve an average growth rate of 8.1% during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period. The plan also achieved significant successes in terms of poverty reduction and employment generation.

For example, the poverty ratio declined from 21% in 2004-05 to 16.5% in 2011-12. The plan also created a record 69 million new jobs during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period.

The Eleventh Five-Year Plan also made significant progress in improving the quality of life of the people through better education, healthcare, and housing. For example, the plan’s Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) program helped to achieve universal enrollment in primary education. The plan’s National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) program helped to improve the quality of healthcare in rural areas.

The Eleventh Five-Year Plan also marked the continuation of the economic liberalization process that was initiated in the early 1990s. The government further reduced subsidies, liberalized trade and investment, and encouraged foreign investment. These reforms played a major role in India’s economic growth during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period.

Overall, the Eleventh Five-Year Plan was a success. It achieved most of its objectives in terms of economic growth, poverty reduction, employment generation, and improvement in the quality of life of the people. The plan’s success was due to a number of factors, including the government’s focus on economic reforms, the implementation of effective social programs, and the resilience of the Indian economy.

The Eleventh Five-Year Plan is considered to be one of the most successful Five-Year Plans in India’s history. It helped to lay the foundation for India’s sustained economic growth and inclusive development in the subsequent decades.

Twelfth (2012-2017)

The theme of the Twelfth Five-year plan is “Faster, More Inclusive and Sustainable Growth“. The growth rate target set was 8%.

The Twelfth Five-Year Plan of India (2012-2017) was the twelfth of a series of such plans designed to guide the country’s economic development. It was launched at a time when the Indian economy was facing a number of challenges, including a slowdown in growth, high inflation, and a widening fiscal deficit. The plan was focused on reviving economic growth, reducing poverty, and creating jobs. It also aimed to improve the quality of life of the people and achieve inclusive growth.

Some of the key objectives of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan include:

  • To achieve an average annual GDP growth rate of 8%
  • To reduce the poverty ratio from 16.5% to 12%
  • To create 50 million new jobs
  • To improve the quality of life of the people through better education, healthcare, and housing
  • To achieve inclusive growth by reducing regional disparities and empowering women and marginalized sections of society

The Twelfth Five-Year Plan was implemented during a period of difficult global economic conditions. The Indian economy was also facing a number of domestic challenges, such as high inflation and a widening fiscal deficit. As a result, the plan was unable to achieve all of its objectives.

The Indian economy achieved an average growth rate of 7.3% during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period, which was lower than the 8% target. The poverty ratio declined from 16.5% in 2011-12 to 13.7% in 2017-18, which was also lower than the 12% target. The plan created 46 million new jobs, which was also lower than the 50 million target.

However, the Twelfth Five-Year Plan did make some significant progress in improving the quality of life of the people through better education, healthcare, and housing. For example, the plan’s Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) program helped to achieve universal enrollment in primary education. The plan’s National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) program helped to improve the quality of healthcare in rural areas.

The Twelfth Five-Year Plan also made some progress in reducing regional disparities and empowering women and marginalized sections of society. For example, the plan’s MGNREGS program provided employment and income support to rural households. The plan’s Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana (IGMSY) program provided cash incentives to pregnant women and lactating mothers.

Overall, the Twelfth Five-Year Plan was a mixed bag. It was unable to achieve all of its objectives due to a number of challenges, including difficult global economic conditions, high inflation, and a widening fiscal deficit. However, the plan did make some significant progress in improving the quality of life of the people and reducing regional disparities.

The Twelfth Five-Year Plan was the last of the Five-Year Plans in India. The government has since moved away from the Five-Year Plan model and adopted a more flexible approach to economic planning.

FAQ

1. Garibi hatao in which year plan?

Garibi Hatao is 5th Five-year plan. It was the part election campaign slogan for 1971, by Indira Gandhi.

2. Which five-year plan is known as Gadgil Yojana?

3rd Five Year Plan is called Gadgil Yojana.

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* * All the Notes in this blog, are referred from Tamil Nadu State Board Books and Samacheer Kalvi Books. Kindly check with the original Tamil Nadu state board books and Ncert Books.
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