Tnpsc and Upsc Notes Pdf
Rectification The process of converting alternating current into the direct current is called Rectification. There are two types of rectifiers, one is a half-wave rectifier and the other is a full-wave rectifier. Half-wave Rectifier Circuit The circuit consists of a transformer, a p-n junction diode, and a resistor. In a half-wave rectifier circuit, either a … Read more
There are two types of Semiconductors. They are Intrinsic and Extrinsic semiconductors. Types of Semiconductors Intrinsic Semiconductor Extrinsic Semiconductor Intrinsic Semiconductor A semiconductor in its pure form without impurity is called an intrinsic semiconductor. Here impurity means any other atom in the crystal lattice. Each Silicon atom has four electrons in the outermost orbit and … Read more
The electrons present in the outermost shell of an atom are called Valence electrons. From the Bohr-Bury scheme, we find the outermost shell of an atom can accommodate a maximum of 8 electrons. Also, the atoms of the elements show little chemical activity if its outermost shell is completely filled. Also can be said that … Read more
Geomagnetism In the vast theater of natural forces that shape our planet, one phenomenon stands both mysterious and indispensable – geomagnetism. The invisible dance of magnetic fields around the Earth has captivated scientists, explorers, and thinkers for centuries. In this blog post, we embark on a journey to unravel the intricacies of geomagnetism, exploring its … Read more
Properties of Magnets Attractive Property Reflective Property Directive Property Attractive Property A magnet always attracts objects like iron, nickel, cobalt. With the experiment with iron filling the can conclude that the Iron filling gets attracted near the ends of the magnets. These ends are called as Poles of a Magnet. The attractive property is more … Read more
Total Internal Reflection When the angle of incidence in the denser medium increases the angle of refraction also increases and it reaches a maximum value of r = 90° for a particular angle of incidence value. This angle of incidence is called the critical angle. The angle of incidence at which the angle of refraction … Read more
Speed of light Speed of Light in Different Media Substance Speed of light (ms-1) Refractive Index (𝝁) Water 2.25 x 108 1.33 Glass 2 x 108 1.5 Diamond 1.25 x 108 2.41 Air 3 x 108 1 Refractive Index and Speed of Light in different Medium Note: The refractive index of a medium is also … Read more
Refraction of Light When the light is from one medium to medium with different optical densities, the path of light gets bent or deviated from the original path. This phenomenon is called the Refraction of Light. Causes of Refraction of Light Light rays get deviated from the original path when entering into another medium with … Read more
The parallel rays of light from the sun are focussed at a point using a concave mirror which is used to burn paper from the above diagram. In the concave mirror, as we bring the object closer, the image gets bigger. An Erected Magnified image is seen. At some positions, there is no image that … Read more
Convex Mirror Laws from Convex Mirror Law 1: A ray of light which is parallel to the optic axis or principal axis of a convex mirror seems to be coming from its principal focus after reflection from the mirror. Law 2: A ray of light going towards the centre of curvature is reflected along the … Read more