| System/Organ | Function | Key Processes/Components |
|---|
| Circulatory System | Transports blood, nutrients, gases, and wastes throughout the body. | – Heart: Pumps blood. – Blood Vessels: Arteries, veins, and capillaries carry blood. – Blood: Carries oxygen, nutrients, and waste products. |
| Respiratory System | Facilitates gas exchange (oxygen in, carbon dioxide out). | – Lungs: Main organ for gas exchange. – Trachea and Bronchi: Pathways for air. – Diaphragm: Muscular structure aiding breathing. |
| Digestive System | Breaks down food into nutrients for absorption and eliminates waste. | – Mouth: Begins digestion (chewing, saliva). – Stomach: Digestion with gastric juices. – Intestines: Absorption of nutrients. |
| Excretory (Urinary) System | Removes waste products and excess substances from the blood to form urine. | – Kidneys: Filter blood, produce urine. – Bladder: Stores urine. – Urethra: Excretes urine. |
| Nervous System | Coordinates and controls body activities, detects stimuli, and responds. | – Brain: Central control unit. – Spinal Cord: Transmits signals. – Neurons: Nerve cells transmitting signals. |
| Endocrine System | Regulates body functions through hormones. | – Glands: Such as pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands. – Hormones: Chemical messengers controlling metabolism, growth, etc. |
| Muscular System | Allows movement of the body and internal organs. | – Skeletal Muscles: Voluntary movements. – Smooth Muscles: Control involuntary movements (e.g., in the digestive system). – Cardiac Muscle: Heart muscle for pumping blood. |
| Skeletal System | Provides structural support, protects organs, and allows movement. | – Bones: Framework of the body. – Joints: Allow movement. – Bone Marrow: Produces blood cells. |
| Immune System | Defends the body against harmful pathogens and foreign substances. | – White Blood Cells: Attack pathogens. – Lymphatic System: Filters lymph, involved in immune response. – Antibodies: Proteins that neutralize foreign invaders. |
| Integumentary System | Protects the body, regulates temperature, and provides sensory information. | – Skin: Barrier against pathogens. – Hair and Nails: Protects the body. – Sweat Glands: Regulate temperature. |
| Reproductive System | Responsible for reproduction and offspring development. | – Male: Testes produce sperm and hormones. – Female: Ovaries produce eggs and hormones; uterus supports pregnancy. |
| Lymphatic System | Returns excess tissue fluid to the bloodstream and plays a role in immunity. | – Lymph Nodes: Filter lymph. – Lymph Vessels: Transport lymph. – Tonsils and Spleen: Assist in immune response. |
| Circulatory System (Blood) | Transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products through the body. | – Red Blood Cells (RBCs): Carry oxygen. – White Blood Cells (WBCs): Part of immune response. – Platelets: Aid in clotting. |